The Hadley circulation in southwestern South America: Metrics for its characterization
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24215/1850468Xe029Keywords:
metrics, trends, ERA5, Hadley circulations, southwestern South AmericaAbstract
This paper provides an evaluation of the most commonly used metrics to characterize the downward branch of the Hadley cell and its trends over the last 40 years over the southwestern region of South America, through the analysis of seven hemispheric and three regional metrics obtained from meteorological variables associated to the ERA5 reanalysis for the period 1979-2021. Relationships between metrics were determined from Pearson's correlation coefficient and decadal trends from the Mann-Kendall test. The results found suggest statistically significant relationships between the hemispheric metric of reference mass flux current function at 500 hPa, the regional metric linked to the latitudinal position of the South Pacific Anticyclone, and the lower tropospheric metrics related to the maximum of sea level pressure and the latitude where the surface wind changes sign on both annual and seasonal scales. The metrics linked to eddy driven jet and regional precipitation minus evaporation capture the variability of the latitudinal position of the South Pacific Anticyclone, while the hemispheric lower troposphere metric precipitation minus evaporation captures the variability of the reference metric. Regarding the trends by decade of the annual averages of downward branch of the Hadley Cell over the last 40 years, statistically significant negative trends were found, indicating an expansion of the Hadley Cell over the last four decades. This could explain to some extent the decreasing precipitation trends in the southwestern region of South America.
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