L’ Amérique latine, l’ALBA-TCP et l’arbitrage transnational en matière d’investissement: la fondation d’une mosaïque de résistance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24215/2618303Xe032Palavras-chave:
Amérique latine, ALBA-TCP, Arbitrage, CIRDI, investissementResumo
L'Amérique latine représente un véritable laboratoire pour l'arbitrage international d'investissement. Elle est à la fois à l'origine de la discipline et au cœur des critiques et des changements qui l'affectent. Si les contestations des effets de l'arbitrage sont venues du monde entier, elles ont eu une résonance particulière dans la région, en raison de l'attitude traditionnellement hostile des pays de la région à l'arbitrage d'investissement. Cet article propose de revisiter la mosaïque de la résistance, qui a donné naissance à un projet contre-hégémonique alternatif dans la région. Il conclut que les mouvements de résistance en Amérique latine contre l'arbitrage d'investissement n'ont finalement pas bénéficié d'un soutien majoritaire clair et que plusieurs pays ont adopté une position ambiguë vis-à-vis de ces mouvements. En l'absence d'une solution globale cohérente, les propositions alternatives soutenues par les États sont plurielles et dispersées et sont pour la plupart éloignées de l'approche radicale mise en avant par l'ALBA-TCP.
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